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MB4 259b: Making an Eruv for an Entire City - part 2 (392:1-4)
If a city has an entrance/exit on only one side you don't need to exclude an area of the city when constructing an eruv chatzerot (for a היכר).
If there's an entrance/exit on one side and ladders on the opposite side for entry/exit (but no opening).
A city which was privately owned and subsequently became publicly-owned.